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| commander2 = | strength1 = | strength2 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | notes = Governor-General. }} The Invasion of Portuguese India (also referred to as the Invasion of Goa,〔Use of Force: The Practice of States Since World War II By A. Mark Weisburd 〕 the Liberation of Goa by Indian forces, and the Fall of Portuguese India), was an action by the Indian Armed Forces that ended the rule of Portugal in its exclaves in India in 1961. The armed action, codenamed Operation Vijay ((ヒンディー語:विजय) ''Vijay'', lit. "Victory") by the Indian government, involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of Portuguese overseas provincial governance in Goa. Twenty-two Indians and thirty Portuguese were killed in the fighting.〔 The brief conflict drew a mixture of worldwide praise and condemnation. In India, the action was seen as a liberation of historically Indian territory by geographical closeness, while Portugal viewed it as an aggression against national soil and its citizens. ==Background== After India's independence from the British Empire in August 1947, Portugal continued to hold a handful of exclaves on the Indian subcontinent — the districts of Goa, Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli — collectively known as the ''Estado da Índia''. Goa, Daman and Diu covered an area of around and held a population of 637,591.〔Numbers from 1955, thus excludes Dadra and Nagar-Haveli. The bulk (547,448) was in Goa (composed of the districts of Old and New Goa, Bardez, Mormugão and Salsete, and the offshore island of Anjediva), remainder in Damman (69,005) and Diu (21,138). See Kay (1970) ''Salazar and Modern Portugal'', New York: Hawthorn, p. 295)〕 The Goan diaspora was estimated at 175,000 (about 100,000 within the Indian Union, mainly in Bombay).〔H. Kay (1970) ''Salazar and Modern Portugal'', New York: Hawthorn〕 Religious distribution was 61% Hindu, 36.7% Christian (mostly Catholic), 2.2% Muslim.〔 Economy was primarily based on agriculture, although the 1940s and 1950s saw a boom in mining — principally iron ore and some manganese.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indian annexation of Portuguese India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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